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Background  The expansion and function of adipose tissue are important during the development of insulin resistance and inflammation in obesity. Zinc dyshomeostasis is common in obese individuals. In the liver, zinc influx transporter ZIP14, affects proliferation and glucose metabolism but the role of ZIP14 in adipose tissue is still unknown. This study investigates  ZIP14  gene expression in human adipose tissue before and after weight loss as well as the regulation of  ZIP14  during early adipogenesis.    Methods  Fourteen obese individuals were investigated before and after a 10 week weight loss intervention and compared to 14 non-obese controls. Gene expressions of  ZIP14  and  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ  ( PPARγ ) were measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue and correlated with metabolic and inflammatory markers. Further, we investigated gene expression of  ZIP14  and  PPARγ  during early adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, together with an in silico analysis of PPARγ binding motifs in the promoter sequence of ZIP14.    Results   ZIP14  was down-regulated in obese individuals compared to non-obese controls ( p  = 0.0007) and was up-regulated after weight loss ( p  = 0.0005). Several metabolic markers of clinical importance, including body mass index, triglyceride, and insulin resistance, were inversely correlated with  ZIP14 . During early adipogensis an up-regulation of ZIP14 gene expression was found.  PPARγ  gene expression was positively correlated with the  ZIP14  gene expression in both adipose tissue and during adipogenesis. However,  in silico  analysis revealed that the ZIP14 promoter does not contain PPARγ-binding motifs.    Conclusions  We hypothesize that  ZIP14 -mediated zinc influx might directly influence PPARγ activity and that  ZIP14  may regulate expansion and function of adipose tissue and serve as a potential biomarker for metabolic stress.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-015-0076-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc obesity

Gene expression of the zinc transporter ZIP14 (SLC39a14) is affected by weight loss and metabolic status and associates with PPARγ in human adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes