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Background    Phalaenopsis  is one of the important ornamental plants worldwide. It plays the most significant role in flower exportation in Taiwan. However, the yellow leaf disease caused by  Fusarium  spp. has reduced the orchid flower yield 10–50 % yearly. Varieties resistant to yellow leaf disease associated with  Fusarium  is urgently needed for orchid growers and breeders, and is the ultimate solution for the long-term goal. To achieve this, phenotyping is the first step and the most necessary information for further studies, such as resistance gene identification, quantitative trait loci identification, and genome-wide association study.    Results  The inoculation of  Fusarium  was performed in either abbreviated stem or detached leaf, and the pros and cons were compared. The former is the general method of phenotyping for estimating the tolerance to yellow leaf disease of  Phalaenopsis , but it is time-consuming and spacy, and thus not suitable for the assessment of large numbers of samples. In contrast, the latter not only showed a similar trend of disease severity with time reduced to only one fourth of the former one but also less space needed.    Conclusions  This solution allows a better phenotyping approach for the fast detection of yellow leaf disease associated with  Fusarium  in a large number of  Phalaenopsis  samples.

Develop an efficient inoculation technique for Fusarium solani isolate “TJP-2178-10” pathogeny assessment in Phalaenopsis orchids