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Background   Salinity is one of the increasingly serious environmental problems worldwide for cultivating agricultural crops. The present study was aimed to ascertain the potential of beneficial soil bacterium  Azospirillum brasilense  to alleviate saline stress in  Trifolium repens . Experimental plants (white clover) were grown from seeds and inoculated with or without  A. brasilense  bacterial strain supplemented with 0, 40, 80, or 120 mM NaCl into soil.    Results  The growth attributes including, shoot heights, root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly enhanced in  T. repens  plants grown in  A. brasilense  inoculated soil than un-inoculated controls, particularly under elevated salinity conditions (40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl). Malondialdehyde content of leaf was recorded to be declined under saline conditions. Moreover, the K + /Na +  ratio was also improved in bacterium-inoculated plants, since  A. brasilense  significantly reduced the root and shoot Na +  level under high salty environment.    Conclusions  Results revealed that soil inoculation with  A. brasilense  could significantly promote  T. repens  growth under both non-saline and saline environments, and this study might be extended to other vegetables and crops for the germination and growth enhancement.

Mitigation of salt stress in white clover (Trifolium repens) by Azospirillum brasilense and its inoculation effect