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Background  Catechins are the main polyphenol compounds in tea ( Camellia sinensis ). To understand the relationship between gene expression and product accumulation, the levels of catechins and relative expressions of key genes in tea leaves of different developmental stages were analyzed.    Results  The amounts of catechins differed significantly in leaves of different stages, except for gallocatechin gallate. Close correlations between the expression of synthesis genes and the accumulation of catechins were identified. Correlation analysis showed that the expressions of  chalcone synthase 1 ,  chalcone synthase 3 ,  anthocyanidin reductase 1 ,  anthocyanidin reductase 2  and  leucoanthocyanidin reductase  genes were significantly and positively correlated with total catechin contents, suggesting their expression may largely affect total catechin accumulation.  Anthocyanidin synthase  was significantly correlated with catechin. While both  ANRs  and  LAR  were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and (−)-epicatechin gallate.    Conclusion  Our results suggest synergistic changes between the expression of synthetic genes and the accumulation of catechins. Based on our findings,  anthocyanidin synthase  may regulate earlier steps in the conversion of catechin, while the  anthocyanidin reductase  and  leucoanthocyanidin reductase  genes may both play important roles in the biosynthesis of galloylated catechins.

Accumulation of catechins and expression of catechin synthetic genes in Camellia sinensis at different developmental stages