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Background  Wheat, one of the most important crops, has a detrimental effect on both yield and quality under drought stress. As our preliminary experiment showed that the Chinese Spring wheat- Aegilops longissima  chromosome substitution line CS-1S l  (1B) had a better drought tolerance than CS, the substitution line CS-1S l (1B) was used to identify drought stress related proteins by means of a comparative proteome approach in this work. Our present study aimed to explore the gene resources for drought resistance in 1S l  genome.    Result  Our results showed that drought stress induced downregulation of relative water and chlorophyll contents and the upregulation of proline content, and further influencing grain filling shortening and significant decrease of plant height, B-type starch granule numbers, grain number and weight. In total, 25 grain albumin and globulin protein spots were found to be specifically encoded by the 1S l  chromosome. In addition, 17 protein spots respected 13 unique proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, which were mainly involved in adverse defense and gluten quality. Among them, ascorbate peroxidase, serpin-Z2B and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor were upregulated under drought stress. These proteins play important roles in plant drought defenses through various metabolic pathways.    Conclusion  Our results indicate that the 1S l  chromosome of  Aegilops longissima  has potential gene resources that could be useful for improving wheat drought resistance.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-016-0134-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Identification of drought stress related proteins from 1Sl(1B) chromosome substitution line of wheat variety Chinese Spring