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Although  Ficus -associated wasp fauna have been extensively researched in Australasia, information on these fauna in Taiwan is not well accessible to scientists worldwide. In this study, we compiled records on the  Ficus  flora of Taiwan and its associated wasp fauna. Initial agronomic research reports on  Ficus  were published in Japanese in 1917, followed by reports on applied biochemistry, taxonomy, and phenology in Chinese. On the basis of the phenological knowledge of 15 species of the  Ficus  flora of Taiwan, recent research has examined the pollinating and nonpollinating agaonid and chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Updating records according to the current nomenclature revealed that there are 30 taxa (27 species) of native or naturalized  Ficus  with an unusually high proportion of dioecious species (78%). Four species were observed to exhibit mutualism with more than one pollinating wasp species, and 18 of the 27  Ficus  species were reported with nonpollinating wasp species. The number of nonpollinating wasp species associated with specific  Ficus  species ranges from zero ( F. pumila ) to 24 ( F. microcarpa ). Approximately half of the Taiwanese fig tree species have been studied with basic information on phenology and biology described in peer-reviewed journals or theses. This review provides a solid basis for future in-depth comparative studies. This summary of knowledge will encourage and facilitate continuing research on the pollination dynamics of  Ficus  and the associated insect fauna in Taiwan.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-015-0090-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Ficus (Moraceae) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Taiwan