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Background  In our recent molecular phylogenetic study of Asian  Begonia , two undescribed species,  B. guixiensis sp. ined.  (S. Guangxi, China) and  B. longa sp. ined.  (Vietnam), were sampled and placed within the strongly supported clade composed of  Begonia  sect.  Coelocentrum  and other co-distributed rhizomatous species in the Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts. While  Begonia  sect.  Coelocentrum  has been recircumscribed based on the phylogenetic relationships,  B. guixiensis sp. ined.  and  B. longa sp. ined.  remain illegitimate names. In continuation of our studies in Asian  Begonia , these two new species are described and illustrated.    Results   Begonia guixiensis  resembles  B. cylindrica  in the peltate, subcoriaceous leaves, differing by the shape of ovary/fruit and the type of placentation. In aspect,  B. longa  bears a superficial resemblance to  B. brevipedunculata  in leaf shape in particular, differing by many other features such as the long internodes, shorter petioles and smaller leaves, longer peduncles and 3-locular ovary. The chromosome number of both new species is determined as 2 n  = 30.    Conclusion  A careful study of the literature, herbarium specimens and living plants, both in the wild and in cultivation in the experimental greenhouse, support the recognition of the two new species, which are described and illustrated herein.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-014-0052-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Two new species of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum, B. guixiensis and B. longa, from Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts