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Background  The aim of this study is to compare the dento-skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and mixed maxillary expansion (MME), assessed on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms.    Methods  Treatment groups consisted of 42 patients; mean age in RME group ( n  = 21,13 female and 8 male subjects) was 8.8 years ± 1.37 at T0 and 9.6 years ± 1.45 at T1 and mean age in MME group ( n  = 21, 12 female and 9 male patients) was 8.9 years ± 2.34 at T0 and 10.5 years ± 2.08 at T1. Seventeen bilateral anatomic landmarks, 16 linear (12 skeletal and 4 dental) and 4 angular measurements were assessed for each patient at T0 and T1. Data from the two groups were compared using independent sample  t  test ( p  < 0.05).    Results  At T0, the groups were similar for all examined variables ( p  > 0.05). Significant and equal increase of lateronasal and maxillary and upper and lower molar widths ( p  < 0. 01) occurred in both groups at T1. Significant but different increases were observed for maxillary incisal, upper left first molar-lateroorbitale, and maxillary first molar angles ( p  < 0.001 vs.  p  < 0.05). Significant increases were reported for upper inter-incisal width apex ( p  < 0.001) and upper right first molar-lateroorbitale angle ( p  < 0.05) only in the RME group. At T1, differences in maxillary incisal angle ( p  < 0.05), upper left first molar-lateroorbitale, and maxillary first molar angles ( p  < 0.001) were noted.    Conclusions  RME and MME were both effective to increase skeletal transverse dimensions by opening mid-palatal suture in growing patients, while MME was associated with minor dental side effects than RME.

Comparison between rapid and mixed maxillary expansion through an assessment of dento-skeletal effects on posteroanterior cephalometry