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This work presents the development of a flexible microscopic chemical imagingplatform for cultural heritage that utilizes wavelength-tunable obliqueillumination from a point source to obtain per-pixel reflectance spectra in theVIS-NIR range. The microscope light source can be adjusted on two axes allowingfor a hemisphere of possible illumination directions. The synthesis of multipleillumination angles allows for the calculation of surface normal vectors,similar to phase gradients, and axial optical sectioning. The extraction ofspectral reflectance images with high spatial resolutions from these data isdemonstrated through the analysis of a replica cross-section, created fromknown painting reference materials, as well as a sample extracted from apainting by Pablo Picasso entitled La Mis\'ereuse accroupie (1902). These casestudies show the rich microscale molecular information that may be obtainedusing this microscope and how the instrument overcomes challenges for spectralanalysis commonly encountered on works of art with complex matrices composed ofboth inorganic minerals and organic lakes.

Improved Spectral Imaging Microscopy for Cultural Heritage through Oblique Illumination