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We herein report on a simple and novel method of refractometry that uses a micro image defocusing technique. This simple method makes use of a three-pinhole aperture attached to a microscopic optical system. In order to develop our proposed method, an analytical formula was derived from the principles of optical modelling, taking into consideration imaging optics, and was verified experimentally. In order to verify and demonstrate the method, the refractive index (RI) of several materials with known and certified RIs were measured. The results demonstrate a good level of accuracy, with a difference between the certification and the measurements of the order of 10−4 RIU (refractive index unit).

Simple refractometry using optical path separation via multiple pinholes