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Background  Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occur. Recent evidence supports the concomitant treatment of BPD and PTSD.    Methods  This study uses a longitudinal cross-lagged panel model to examine BPD and PTSD symptom response in a sample of 110 women undergoing residential treatment for BPD. The naturalistic treatment primarily followed a dialectical-behavior therapy protocol, with individualized integration of other major evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for BPD, including mentalization-based treatment, good psychiatric management, and transference-focused psychotherapy.    Results  A residentially-based integration of treatment approaches resulted in significant reductions in BPD ( d =  0.71) and PTSD ( d =  0.75) symptoms. Moreover, changes in BPD symptoms prospectively predicted changes in PTSD symptoms (constrained path  b  = 1.73), but the reverse was not true (constrained path  b  = 0.05).    Conclusions  A naturalistic integration of EBTs for BPD may benefit both BPD and PTSD symptoms even in the absence of PTSD-oriented intervention. Additionally, the attenuation of BPD symptoms may have positive impact on PTSD symptoms.

Changes in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms during residential treatment for borderline personality disorder: a longitudinal cross-lagged study