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The infiltrative behavior of diffuse gliomas severely reduces therapeutic potential of surgical resection and radiotherapy, and urges for the identification of new drug-targets affecting glioma growth and migration. To address the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), we performed mRNA expression profiling for 91 of the 109 known human PTP genes on a series of clinical diffuse glioma samples of different grades and compared our findings with in silico knowledge from REMBRANDT and TCGA databases. Overall PTP family expression levels appeared independent of characteristic genetic aberrations associated with lower grade or high grade gliomas. Notably, seven PTP genes ( DUSP26 ,  MTMR4 ,  PTEN ,  PTPRM ,  PTPRN2 ,  PTPRT  and  PTPRZ1 ) were differentially expressed between grade II-III gliomas and (grade IV) glioblastomas. For  DUSP26 ,  PTEN ,  PTPRM  and  PTPRT , lower expression levels correlated with poor prognosis, and overexpression of  DUSP26  or  PTPRT  in E98 glioblastoma cells reduced tumorigenicity. Our study represents the first in-depth analysis of PTP family expression in diffuse glioma subtypes and warrants further investigations into PTP-dependent signaling events as new entry points for improved therapy.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0372-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comprehensive protein tyrosine phosphatase mRNA profiling identifies new regulators in the progression of glioma