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Background  Cnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians:  Millepora alcicornis ,  Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata  and  Condylactis gigantea  (total and body wall).    Methods  The cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities.    Results  All cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only  S. helianthus  induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA 2  substrate, was presented only by the  C. gigantea  (body wall) and  S. helianthus . The extracts from  P. homomalla  and  S. helianthus  induced edema, while only  C. gigantea  and  S. helianthus  showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by  B. annulata  extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by  Bothrops jararacussu  snake venom, except  M. alcicornis . All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by  Bothrops moojeni  venom. Only the  C. gigantea  (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which  C. gigantea  (body wall) and  S. helianthus  were the most active; however, only  C. gigantea  (body wall) and  M. alcicornis  were active against B16F10 cells.    Conclusion  The cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.

Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties