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Background  In the Atlantic forest of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, local population often uses the fruit juice and the aqueous extract of leaves of soursop (Annona muricata L.) to treat  Lachesis muta rhombeata  envenomation. Envenomation is a relevant health issue in these areas, especially due to its severity and because the production and distribution of antivenom is limited in these regions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of the use of soursop leaf extract and its juice against envenomation by  Lachesis muta rhombeata .    Methods  We evaluated the biochemical, hematological and hemostatic parameters, the blood pressure, the inflammation process and the lethality induced by  Lachesis muta rhombeata  snake venom. We also assessed the action of the aqueous extract of leaves (AmL) and juice (AmJ) from  A. muricata  on the animal organism injected with  L. m. rhombeata  venom (LmrV) in the laboratory environment.    Results  LmrV induced a decrease of total protein, albumin and glucose; and increase of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea concentrations. It provoked hemoconcentration followed by reduction of hematocrit, an increase in prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time and a decrease of the blood pressure. LmrV induced the release of interleukin-6, an increase in neutrophils and changes in the serum protein profile, characteristic of the acute inflammatory process. LD 50  values were similar for the groups injected with LmrV and treated or untreated with AmJ and AmL .  Both treatments play a role on the maintenance of blood glucose, urea and coagulation parameters and exert a protective action against the myotoxicity. However, they seem to worsen the hypotension caused by LmrV.    Conclusion  The treatments with AmJ and AmL present some beneficial actions, but they might intensify some effects of the venom. Therefore, additional studies on  A. muricata  are necessary to enable its use as natural antivenom for bushmaster snakebite.

Experimental Lachesis muta rhombeata envenomation and effects of soursop (Annona muricata) as natural antivenom