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Background  Control of snail intermediate hosts has been proved to be a fast and efficient approach for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis. Some plant extracts have shown obvious molluscicidal activity, and a new compound Luo-Wei, also named tea-seed distilled saponin (TDS), was developed based on the saponins extracted from  Camellia oleifera  seeds. We aimed to test the molluscicidal activity of 4% TDS against the intermediate host snails in China and Egypt, and evaluate its environmental safety to non-target organisms.    Methods  In the laboratory,  Oncomelania hupensis ,  Biomphalaria alexandrina  and  Bulinus truncatus  were exposed to 4% TDS, and the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) was estimated at 24, 48 and 72 h. In the field, snail mortalities were assessed 1, 2, 3 and 7 d post-immersion with 2.5 g/m 3  4% TDS and 1, 3, 7 and 15 d post-spraying with 5 g/m 2  4% TDS. In addition, the acute toxicity of 4% TDS to Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ), zebrafish ( Brachydanio rerio ) and freshwater shrimp ( Macrobrachium nipponense ) was assessed by estimations of LC 50  or median lethal dose (LD 50 ).    Results  In the laboratory, the LC 50  values of 4% TDS for  O. hupensis  were 0.701, 0.371 and 0.33 mg/L at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, and 4% TDS showed a 0.33 mg/L 24 h LC 50  against  B. alexandrina , and a 1.396 mg/L 24 h LC 50  against  B. truncatus . Across all study regions, the pooled mortalities of  O. hupensis  were 72, 86, 94 and 98% at 1, 2, 3 and 7 d, following field immersion of 4% TDS at a dose of 2.5 g/m 3 , and were 69, 77, 85 and 88% at 1, 3, 7 and 15 d, following field spraying at 5 g/m 2 , respectively. 4% TDS had moderate toxicity to Japanese quail (7 d LD 50  > 60 mg/kg) and to shrimp (96 h LC 50  = 6.28 mg/L; 95%  CI : 3.53–11.2 mg/L), whereas its toxicity to zebrafish was high (96 h LC 50  = 0.15 mg/L; 95%  CI : 0.14–0.17 mg/L).    Conclusions  4% TDS is active against  O. hupensis ,  B. alexandrina  and  B. truncatus  under laboratory and field conditions, and it may be a candidate molluscicide of plant origin.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0535-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

infectious diseases of poverty

Molluscicidal effectiveness of Luo-Wei, a novel plant-derived molluscicide, against Oncomelania hupensis, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus