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Background    Aedes aegypti  (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of the dengue virus globally. Dengue vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions, which target potential breeding sites. However, in Tanzania, little is known about this vector’s habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control measures. The present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of  A. aegypti  mosquitoes to pyrethroid-based insecticides in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.    Methods  An entomological assessment was conducted between January and July 2015 in six randomly selected wards in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Habitat productivity was determined by the number of female adult  A. aegypti  mosquitoes emerged per square metre. The susceptibility status of adult  A. aegypti  females after exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin and 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin was evaluated using the standard WHO protocols. Mortality rates were recorded after 24 h exposure and the knockdown effect was recorded at the time points of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min to calculate the median knockdown times (KDT 50  and KDT 95 ).    Results  The results suggest that disposed tyres had the highest productivity, while water storage tanks had the lowest productivity among the breeding habitats Of  A. aegypti  mosquitoes. All sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility to deltamethrin (0.05%) within 24 h post exposure, with mortalities ranging from 86.3 ± 1.9 (mean ± SD) to 96.8 ± 0.9 (mean ± SD). The lowest and highest susceptibilities were recorded in Mikocheni and Sinza wards, respectively. Similarly, all sites demonstrated reduced susceptibility permethrin (0.75%) ranging from 83.1 ± 2.1% (mean ± SD) to 96.2 ± 0.9% (mean ± SD), in Kipawa and Sinza, respectively. Relatively low mortality rates were observed in relation to lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) at all sites, ranging from 83.1 ± 0.7 (mean ± SD) to 86.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD). The median KDT 50  for deltamethrin, permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were 24.9–30.3 min, 24.3–34.4 min and 26.7–32.8 min, respectively. The KDT 95  were 55.2–90.9 min for deltamethrin, 54.3–94.6 min for permethrin and 64.5–69.2 min for lambda-cyhalothrin.    Conclusions  The productive habitats for  A. aegypti  mosquitoes found in Dar es Salaam were water storage containers, discarded tins and tyres. There was a reduced susceptibility of  A. aegypti  to and emergence of resistance against pyrethroid-based insecticides. The documented differences in the resistance profiles of  A. aegypti  mosquitoes warrants regular monitoring the pattern concerning resistance against pyrethroid-based insecticides and define dengue vector control strategies.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0316-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania