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Background  The construction and operation of small multipurpose dams in Africa have a history of altering the transmission of water-based diseases, including schistosomiasis. The current study was designed to investigate the abundance and dynamics of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails and  Schistosoma  infections in humans during the construction and the first years of operation of a small multipurpose dam in Côte d’Ivoire.    Methods  The study was carried out in Raffierkro and four neighbouring villages in central Côte d’Ivoire between 2007 and 2012. Snails were collected by two experienced investigators using scoops and forceps for 15 min at each site. Snails were identified at genera and, whenever possible, species level, and subjected to testing for cercarial shedding. Schoolchildren aged 6–15 years were examined once every year for  Schistosoma haematobium  and  S. mansoni  infection, using urine filtration and duplication Kato-Katz thick smears, respectively. Additionally, 551 adults were examined for  Schistosoma  infection before (June 2007) and 359 individuals 2 years after dam construction (June 2009).    Results  Overall, 1 700 snails belonging to nine different genera were collected from 19 sampling sites.  Bulinus  (potential intermediate host snails of  S. haematobium ) and  Pila  were the most common genera, whereas  Biomphalaria  (potential intermediate host snail of  S. mansoni ),  Lymnaea ,  Physa  and  Melanoides  were found in two villages. During the first-year sampling period, 65 snails were collected, of which 13 (20%) were schistosomiasis intermediate hosts. In subsequent years, out of 1 635 snails collected, 1 079 (66%) were identified as potential intermediate host for schistosomiasis, but none were shedding cercariae. The prevalence of  S. mansoni  among adults in the study area was low (0.4% in 2007 and 0.3% in 2009), whereas the prevalence of  S. haematobium  declined from 13.9% to 2.9% in this two-year period.    Conclusions  The low prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and the absence of infected intermediate host snails during the construction and early phase of operation of a small multipurpose dam suggest that there was no or only very little local transmission. However, the considerable increase in the number of intermediate host snails and their dispersion in irrigation canals call for rigorous surveillance, so that adequate public health measures can be taken in case of early signs of an outbreak.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

infectious diseases of poverty

Dynamics of freshwater snails and Schistosoma infection prevalence in schoolchildren during the construction and operation of a multipurpose dam in central Côte d’Ivoire