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Background  Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and  Plasmodium falciparum  infections remain public health problems in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Mount Cameroon area to determine the prevalence and intensity of STHs and  P. falciparum  infections in individuals living in different agroecosystems; to assess the influence of these infections on haematological parameters; and to identify the risk factors associated with STH infections.    Methods  STH and malaria parasites were detected using the Kato-Katz method and Giemsa staining of blood films, respectively. Complete blood count values were obtained using an automatic haematology analyser. Soil samples were analysed using the sucrose floatation sedimentation method. Categorical and continuous variables were compared as required and logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors for STH infections and anaemia.    Results  Of the 450 participants examined, STHs,  P. falciparum  and mixed co-infections were detected in 14.0, 33.3 and 5.6% of participants, respectively. Significantly higher prevalences of  Ascaris  (18.8%) and  Trichuris  (7.9%) infections were observed in participants from tea plantation areas compared to those from banana and palm plantation areas, with similar trends in egg density.  P. falciparum  prevalence and parasite density were comparable between the different agroecosystems. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 64.2%. The prevalence of haematological manifestations such as moderate (48.0%) and severe (8.0%) anaemia, leucopenia (26.9%) and microcytosis (30.8%) was significantly higher among  Plasmodium- STH co-infected participants. Soil samples from plantations showed the highest prevalences of STH eggs compared to soil samples from areas around pit toilets and public water taps. Living in a tea plantation area ( OR  = 3.07), age (A OR  = 1.49) and lack of access to potable water ( OR  = 2.25) were identified as risk factors for STH infections, while the age groups 15–25 years ( OR  = 2.928) and 26–35 years ( OR  = 2.832), and being female ( OR  = 2.671) were significant risk factors for anaemia.    Conclusions  STHs, malaria and anaemia are still of public health concern in plantation communities. Co-infections negatively influence haematological parameters. The tea farming agroecosystem, age and lack of access to potable water were identified as significant risk factors for STH infections.    Trial registration  Not applicable.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0266-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

infectious diseases of poverty

Soil-transmitted helminths and plasmodium falciparum malaria among individuals living in different agroecosystems in two rural communities in the mount Cameroon area: a cross-sectional study