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Background  Following the decline of malaria transmission in many countries and regions, serological parameters have become particularly useful for estimating malaria transmission in low-intensity areas. This study evaluated a novel serological marker, Malaria Random Constructed Antigen-1 (M.RCAg-1), which contains 11 epitopes from eight  Plasmodium falciparum  antigens, as a tool for assessing malaria transmission intensity along the border area of China-Myanmar.    Method  Serum from  Plasmodium falciparum  and  P. vivax  patients was used to detect the properties of M.RCAg-1 and antibody responses. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the China-Myanmar border and in Hainan province in 2012 and 2013 using cluster sampling. Filter blood spot papers were collected from all participants. Antibodies against M.RCAg-1 were detected using indirect ELISA. The Mann–Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation test were performed to analyze antibody data.  P. falciparum  malaria transmission intensity was estimated using a catalytic conversion model based on the maximum likelihood of generating a community seroconversion rate (SCR).    Results  M.RCAg-1 was well-recognized by the naturally acquired anti-malaria antibodies in  P. falciparum  patients and had very limited cross-reactivity with  P. vivax  infection. The total amount of IgG antibodies was decreased with the decrease in parasitemia after taking medication and lasted several weeks. In a population survey, the antibody levels were higher in residents living close to the China-Myanmar border than those living in non-epidemic areas ( P  < 0.0001), but no significant difference was observed between residents from Hainan and non-epidemic areas. The calculated SCR was 0.0128 for Jieyangka, 0.004 for Susuzhai, 0.0047 for Qiushan, and 0.043 for Kayahe. The estimated exposure rate obtained from the anti-M.RCAg-1 antibody level correlated with traditional measures of transmission intensity derived from altitude.    Conclusion  Our study demonstrates that M.RCAg-1 is potentially useful as a serological indicator of exposure to  P. falciparum  malaria, especially for malaria surveillance in low transmission areas.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0194-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

infectious diseases of poverty

Multi-epitope chimeric antigen used as a serological marker to estimate Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in the border area of China-Myanmar