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Background  This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and alteration of hematological parameters in malaria patients with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, in the western region of Thailand, an endemic region for malaria.    Methods  Data about patients with malaria hospitalized between 2013 and 2015 were collected. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics such as age and gender, diagnosis on admission, and parasitological results were mined from medical records of the laboratory unit of the Phop Phra Hospital in Tak Province, Thailand. Venous blood samples were collected at the time of admission to hospital to determine G6PD deficiency by fluorescence spot test and detect malaria parasites by thick and thin film examination. Other data such as complete blood count and parasite density were also collected and analyzed.    Results  Among the 245 malaria cases, 28 (11.4 %) were diagnosed as  Plasmodium falciparum  infections and 217 cases (88.6 %) were diagnosed as  P. vivax  infections. Seventeen (6.9 %) patients had a G6PD deficiency and 228 (93.1 %) patients did not have a G6PD deficiency. Prevalence of male patients with G6PD deficiency was higher than that of female patients ( P  < 0.05,  OR  = 5.167). Among the patients with a G6PD deficiency, two (11.8 %) were infected with  P. falciparum,  while the remaining were infected with  P. vivax . Malaria patients with a G6PD deficiency have higher monocyte counts (0.6 × 10 3 /μL) than those without a G6PD deficiency (0.33 × 10 3 /μL) ( P  < 0.05,  OR  = 5.167). Univariate and multivariate analyses also confirmed that malaria patients with a G6PD deficiency have high monocyte counts. The association between G6PD status and monocyte counts was independent of age, gender, nationality,  Plasmodium  species, and parasite density ( P  < 0.005).    Conclusion  This study showed a prevalence of G6PD deficiency in a malaria-endemic area. This study also supported the assertion that patients with G6PD-deficient red blood cells had no protection against the  P. falciparum  infection. In addition, malaria patients with a G6PD deficiency had higher monocyte counts than those without a G6PD deficiency. These findings will help to recognize and diagnose malaria patients with a G6PD deficiency, as well as to identify the risks and protective factors against malaria in endemic areas.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0130-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence and hematological indicators of G6PD deficiency in malaria-infected patients