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Background  From 2007 to 2013, intensive control measures reduced malaria burden by 90 % along the China-Myanmar border. However, despite these measures a  P. falciparum  malaria outbreak was reported in the Shan Special Region II of Myanmar in June of 2014.    Methods  Epidemiological, parasitological and entomological investigations were performed. Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine (DAPQ) was immediately administered to treat parasite positive individuals. Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides and behavior change communication (BCC) were also provided for outbreak control. An embedded efficacy study was conducted evaluating DP. Molecular genotyping via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on the Kelch gene on chromosome 13.    Results  All infections were identified as  Plasmodium falciparum  by RDT and microscopy. Two fatalities resulted from the outbreak. The attack rate was 72.8 % (67/92) and the incidence density rate was 14.2 per 100 person-weeks. The positive rate of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was 72.2 % (65/90) and microscopically-determine parasite rate 42.2 % (38/90). Adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) of multivariate logistic regression analysis for aged <15 years, 15–45 years, inappropriate treatment from a private healer and lack of bed nets were 13.51 (95 % confidence interval, 2.21–105.89), 7.75 (1.48–44.97), 3.78 (1.30–46.18) and 3.21(1.21–15.19) respectively. In the six surrounding communities of the outbreak site, positive RDT rate was 1.2 % (4/328) and microscopically-determine parasite rate 0.6 % (2/328). Two light traps collected a total of 110 anopheline mosquitoes including local vectors,  An. minimus ,  An. sinensis  and  An. maculates . After intensive control, the detection of malaria attacks, parasites and antigen were reduced to zero between July 1 and December 1, 2014. The cure rate of  P. falciparum  patients at day 42 was 94.3 % (95 %  CI , 80.8–99.3 %). The PCR did not detect K13-propeller mutations.    Conclusion  Imported  P. falciparum  caused the outbreak. Age, seeking inappropriate treatment and lack of bed nets were risk factors for infection during the outbreak.  P. falciparum  was sensitive to treatment with DAPQ. The integrated measures controlled the outbreak and prevented the spread of  P. falciparum  effectively. The results of this study indicate that malaria control on the China-Myanmar border, especially among special populations, needs further collaboration between China, Myanmar and international societies.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0127-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

infectious diseases of poverty

Investigation and control of a Plasmodium falciparum malaria outbreak in Shan Special Region II of Myanmar along the China-Myanmar Border from June to December 2014