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Background  Copy number variants (CNVs) include deletions or multiplications spanning genomic regions. These regions vary in size and may span genes known to play a role in human diseases. As examples, duplications and triplications of  SNCA  have been shown to cause forms of Parkinson’s disease, while duplications of  APP  cause early onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD).    Results  Here, we performed a systematic analysis of CNVs in a Turkish dementia cohort in order to further characterize the genetic causes of dementia in this population. One hundred twenty-four Turkish individuals, either at risk of dementia due to family history, diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, AD, or frontotemporal dementia, were whole-genome genotyped and CNVs were detected. We integrated family analysis with a comprehensive assessment of potentially disease-associated CNVs in this Turkish dementia cohort. We also utilized both dementia and non-dementia individuals from the UK Biobank in order to further elucidate the potential role of the identified CNVs in neurodegenerative diseases.  We report CNVs overlapping the previously implicated genes  ZNF804A, SNORA70B, USP34, XPO1 , and a locus on chromosome 9 which includes a cluster of olfactory receptors and  ABCA1 . Additionally, we also describe novel CNVs potentially associated with dementia, overlapping the genes  AFG1L, SNX3, VWDE , and  BC039545 .    Conclusions  Genotyping data from understudied populations can be utilized to identify copy number variation which may contribute to dementia.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-021-00346-z.

A comprehensive analysis of copy number variation in a Turkish dementia cohort