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Background  Inherited cataract is a clinically important and genetically heterogeneous cause of visual impairment. Typically, it presents at an early age with or without other ocular/systemic signs and lacks clear phenotype-genotype correlation rendering both clinical classification and molecular diagnosis challenging. Here we have utilized trio-based whole exome sequencing to discover mutations in candidate genes underlying autosomal dominant cataract segregating in three nuclear families.    Results  In family A, we identified a recurrent heterozygous mutation in exon-2 of the gene encoding γD-crystallin ( CRYGD ; c.70C > A, p.Pro24Thr) that co-segregated with ‘coralliform’ lens opacities. Families B and C were found to harbor different novel variants in exon-2 of the gene coding for gap-junction protein α8 ( GJA8 ; c.20T > C, p.Leu7Pro and c.293A > C, p.His98Pro). Each novel variant co-segregated with disease and was predicted  in silico  to have damaging effects on protein function.    Conclusions  Exome sequencing facilitates concurrent mutation-profiling of the burgeoning list of candidate genes for inherited cataract, and the results can provide enhanced clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for affected families.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40246-014-0019-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Exome sequencing identifies novel and recurrent mutations in GJA8 and CRYGDassociated with inherited cataract