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Background Sperm quality evaluation is the logical first step in increasing field fertility. Spermatozoa contain cytoplasmic organelles and biomolecules known as sperm-intrinsic factors, which play key roles in sperm maturation, sperm-oocyte fusion, and embryo development. In particular, sperm membrane proteins [e.g., arginine vasopressin receptor 2, beta-actin, prohibitin, and heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1)] and RNA could be used as functional indicators of male fertility. We sought to clarify the effects of differential mRNA expression of selected genes on several fertilisation parameters, including sperm motility, motion kinematics, capacitation, and litter size, in a porcine model. Results Our results demonstrated that  HSPD1  expression was significantly correlated with male fertility, as measured by the litter size of inseminated sows. The expression of  HSPD1  mRNA was linked to sperm motility and other motion kinematic characteristics. Furthermore,  HSPD1  had a 66.7% overall accuracy in detecting male fertility, and the high-litter size group which was selected with the  HSPD1  marker had a 1.34 greater litter size than the low-litter size group. Conclusions Our findings indicate that  HSPD1  might be a helpful biomarker for superior boar selection for artificial insemination, which could boost field fertility.

Heat shock protein family D member 1 in boar spermatozoa is strongly related to the litter size of inseminated sows