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Background  Identification of relevant  in vivo  biomarkers for fertility remains a challenge for the livestock industry. Concentrations of the small peptide hormone oxytocin (OXT), involved in male reproductive function and present in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species could be a robust one. This study characterized concentrations of SP-OXT in ejaculates from boars used in artificial insemination (AI) programs aiming to evaluate its relationship with sperm quality variables and  in vivo  fertility of their liquid-stored AI-semen. Seminal OXT concentrations (ng/mL) were measured in 169 ejaculates from 61 boars of the Duroc, Pietrain, Landrace and Large White breeds using a direct competitive immunoassay test based on AlphaLISA ®  technology. Ejaculate (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count) and sperm parameters (motility, viability, intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, plasma membrane fluidity) were assessed at 0 h and 72 h in AI-semen samples stored at 17 °C.  In vivo  fertility included only 18 Large White and Landrace boars whose AI-semen was used to inseminated > 100 sows and evaluated both farrowing rate and litter size of 3,167 sows.    Results  The results showed that SP-OXT differed between boars and between ejaculates within boar ( P  < 0.05) but not between breeds (Duroc, Pietrain, Landrace and Large White). Ejaculates with higher SP-OXT concentration/mL (hierarchically grouped;  P  < 0.001) had larger volume and came from younger boars ( P  < 0.05). Ejaculates of boars showing positive farrowing rate deviation exhibited higher ( P  < 0.05) SP-OXT concentration/mL than those with negative farrowing rate deviation.    Conclusion  The SP concentrations of OXT are boar, ejaculate and age dependent, and positively related with ejaculate volume and farrowing rates of liquid-stored semen AI-doses.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00620-z.

Oxytocin in pig seminal plasma is positively related with in vivo fertility of inseminated sows