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Background  Many researches about  in ovo  feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.    Results  Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase ( GLO ) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 ( SVCT1 ) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced  GLO  expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as  SVCT1  expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress.    Conclusions  This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00607-w.

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickens