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Background  Maternal nutrition during gestation affects fetal development, which has long-term programming effects on offspring postnatal growth performance. With a critical role in protein and lipid metabolism, essential fatty acids can influence the development of muscle and adipose tissue. The experiment investigated the effects of late gestation supplements (77 d prepartum), either rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (CON; 155 g/cow/d EnerGII) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 80 g/cow/d Strata and 80 g/cow/d Prequel), on cow performance and subsequent calf growth performance as well as mRNA expression in longissimus muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue at birth and weaning.    Results  There was no difference ( P  ≥ 0.34) in cow body weight (BW) or body condition score from pre-supplementation through weaning. Relative concentrations of C18:3n-3 and C20:4n-6 decreased ( P  ≤ 0.05) to a greater extent from mid-supplementation to calving for PUFA compared with CON cows. Cow plasma C20:0, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were increased ( P  ≤ 0.01) in PUFA during supplementation period. At birth, PUFA steers had greater ( P  = 0.01) plasma C20:5n-3. No differences ( P  ≥ 0.33) were detected in steer birth BW or dam milk production, however, CON steers tended ( P  = 0.06) to have greater pre-weaning average daily gain and had greater ( P  = 0.05) weaning BW compared with PUFA. For mRNA expression in steers:  MYH7  and  C/EBPβ  in LM increased ( P  ≤ 0.04) to a greater extent from birth to weaning for PUFA compared with CON;  MYF5  in LM and  C/EBPβ  in adipose tissue tended ( P  ≤ 0.08) to decrease more from birth to weaning for CON compared with PUFA;  SCD  in PUFA adipose tissue tended ( P  = 0.08) to decrease to a greater extent from birth to weaning than CON. In addition, maternal PUFA supplementation tended ( P  = 0.08) to decrease  MYOG  mRNA expression in LM and decreased ( P  = 0.02)  ZFP423  in adipose tissue during the pre-weaning stage.    Conclusions  Late gestation PUFA supplementation decreased pre-weaning growth performance of the subsequent steer progeny compared with CON supplementation, which could have been a result of downregulated mRNA expression of myogenic genes during pre-weaning period.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00588-w.

journal of animal science and biotechnology/journal of animal science and biotechnology

Effects of supplements differing in fatty acid profile to late gestational beef cows on cow performance, calf growth performance, and mRNA expression of genes associated with myogenesis and adipogenesis