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Background  Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach.    Methods  84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes ( ATP4A ,  SSTR2 ,  GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8  and  TNF ) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled.    Results  The number of parietal and EECs increased with age ( P  < 0.001).  ATP4A  increased with age (within suckling,  P  = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling,  P  < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning ( P  < 0.001). In OXY,  GHRL  increased during suckling ( P  = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend ( P  = 0.088).  MBOAT4  tended to increase during suckling ( P  = 0.062).  TAS1R1  increased from suckling to post-weaning period ( P  =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring ( P  = 0.013).  GNAT1  in PY was higher in ANT offspring ( P  = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of  GHRL  and  MBOAT4  in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months.    Conclusions  Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00557-3.

Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig