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Background  Immune dysfunction and a higher risk of uterine infections are characteristics of the transition into lactation in dairy cows. The supply of complexed trace minerals, which are more bioavailable, could help overcome the greater needs of these nutrients in tissues around parturition and early lactation.    Results  Twenty Holstein cows received an oral bolus with a mix of inorganic trace minerals (INO) or complexed trace minerals (AAC) to achieve 75, 65, 11, and 1 ppm supplemental Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co, respectively, in the total diet dry matter from -30 d through +30 d relative to parturition. Blood for polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) isolation was collected at -30, -15, +10, and + 30 d relative to parturition, whereas endometrium biopsies were performed at +14 and +30 d. Feeding AAC led to greater PMNL expression of genes related with inflammation response ( DDX58 ), oxidative stress response ( MPO ), eicosanoid metabolism ( PLA2G4A  and  ALOX5AP ), transcription regulation ( PPARG ), and cellular adhesion ( TLN1 ). The upregulation by AAC in endometrium of genes related with inflammation response ( TLR2, TLR4, NFKB1, TNF, IL6, IL1B, IL10, IL8 ), prostaglandin synthesis ( PTGS2 ,  PTGES ), and antioxidant responses ( NFE2L2 ,  SOD1 ) indicated a faster remodeling of uterine tissue and potentially greater capacity to control a local bacterial invasion.    Conclusions  Data indicate that trace mineral supplementation from amino acid complexes improves PMNL activity and allows the prompt recovery of uterine tissue during early lactation. As such, the benefits of complexed trace minerals extend beyond an improvement of liver function and productive performance.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0163-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

journal of animal science and biotechnology/journal of animal science and biotechnology

Peripheral leukocyte and endometrium molecular biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in peripartal dairy cows supplemented with Zn, Mn, and Cu from amino acid complexes and Co from Co glucoheptonate