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Background  G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), also referred as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFAR), are widely studied within human medicine as drug targets for metabolic disorders. To combat metabolic disorders prevalent in dairy cows during the transition period, which co-occur with negative energy balance and changes to lipid and glucose metabolism, it may be helpful to identify locations and roles of FFAR and other members of the GPCR family in bovine tissues.    Results  Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) of subcutaneous adipose, liver, and PMNL samples during the transition period (-10, +7, and +20 or +30 d) were used for expression profiling of medium- (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptors  GPR120  and  GPR40 , MCFA receptor  GPR84 , and niacin receptor  HCAR2/3 . Adipose samples were obtained from cows with either high (HI; BCS ≥ 3.75) or low (LO; BCS ≤ 3.25) body condition score (BCS) to examine whether FFAR expression is correlated with this indicator of health and body reserves. Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine (MET), which may improve immune function and production postpartum, was also compared with unsupplemented control (CON) cows for liver and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) samples. In adipose tissue,  GPR84  and  GPR120  were differentially expressed over time, while  GPR40  was not expressed; in PMNL,  GPR40  was differentially expressed over time and between MET vs. CON,  GPR84  expression differed only between dietary groups, and  GPR120  was not expressed; in liver, GPCR were either not expressed or barely detectable.    Conclusions  The data indicate that there is likely not a direct role in liver for the selected GPCR during the transition period, but they do play variable roles in adipose and PMN. In future, these receptors may prove useful targets and/or markers for peripartal metabolism and immunity.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0150-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Expression of fatty acid sensing G-protein coupled receptors in peripartal Holstein cows