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Correspondence: alan.matthews@ tcd.ie Professor Emeritus of European Agricultural Policy at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Sustainable agricultural production, including its economic, environmental and social dimensions, is now explicitly recognised as one of the principal objectives for the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This is in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in September 2015 by the 193 Member States of the United Nations, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets and 230 indicators. The SDGs succeeded the Millennium Development Goals, a set of eight goals agreed in 2000 ranging from halving extreme poverty and hunger to promoting gender equality and reducing child mortality, by the target date of 2015. Both agendas are based on goals intended to be clear, time-bound and measurable. However, while the MDGs were established in the context of ‘rich donors helping poor recipients’, the SDGs are universal goals relevant to every country. Yet despite a formal recognition that the CAP should contribute to achieving the SDGs, the Commission’s legal proposal for the CAP post 2020 fails to properly align with the 17 goals. In particular, it fails to provide a measurable framework to enable the contribution of the CAP to the SDGs to be assessed. The proposed CAP legislation should be amended to rectify this omission. The EU played an active role in shaping the 2030 Agenda and quickly committed to implementing its goals in both its external and internal policies. However, concrete initiatives were slow in coming. In December 2019, the European Council was still urging the Commission ‘to elaborate without further delay a comprehensive implementation strategy outlining timelines, objectives and concrete measures to reflect the 2030 Agenda and mainstream the SDGs in all relevant EU internal and external policies, based on what more needs to be done by 2030, in terms of EU policy, legislation, governance structures for horizontal coherence and means of implementation’. Each year, Eurostat publishes a monitoring report on EU progress towards implementing the SDGs, based on around 100 indicators selected both for their policy relevance from an EU perspective as well as data availability. However, as the European Court of Auditors observed in a critical report, these monitoring data are not a substitute for a regular Commission assessment of the contribution of the EU budget or EU policies to the SDGs (ECA 2019).

The new CAP must be linked more closely to the UN Sustainable Development Goals