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The diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ) is a major pest of broccoli crops in Colombia. To control  P. xylostella , we evaluated the interaction of  Beauveria bassiana  Bb9205 and  Metarhizium anisopliae  Ma9236 with  Heterorhabditis bacteriophora  HNI0100 and its bacterial symbiont  Photorhabdus luminescens  HNI0100. We used antagonism and disk diffusion assays with fungal extracts to test the interaction between symbiotic bacterium and fungi.  P. luminescens  inhibited the growth of  B. bassiana  and  M. anisopliae  up to 40% by the secretion of secondary metabolites, whereas fungal extracts did not inhibit  P. luminescens ; this explains the in vivo interactions of these biological control agents. To test the interaction between fungi and nematodes, we first inoculated the fungi followed by the nematodes on different days (0, 2, 4, and 6). We identified the type of interaction using the formula by Nishimatsu and Jackson (J Econ Entomol 91:410–418,  1998)  and established that on days 0, 2 and 4 there was an antagonistic interaction, while a synergistic interaction occurred on day 6. Therefore, the use of the interaction between  H. bacteriophora  HNI0100 with  M. anisopliae  Ma9236 and  B. bassiana  Bb9205 is an innovative alternative for the control of  P. xylostella .

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In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella