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The water used during handling and processing of milk products can be potential sources of microbial contamination with possible negative consequences on food safety. Especially, the water used in keeping the hygiene of milking and milk storage utensils is crucial to keep the quality and safety of the products. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the bacteriological quality of water used for cleaning milking and milk storage equipment in smallholder dairy production in Hawassa and its surroundings. A total of 79 water samples were collected: 26 from milk collecting houses in Hawassa and 53 from selected smallholder dairy farms (Hawassa = 14, Arsi Negele = 29 and Yirgalem = 10). Out of the total samples, 18 samples were collected directly from pipe and 61 from storage containers (46 from narrow opening and 15 from wide opening containers). The overall prevalence of  E. coli  exceeding zero CFU/ml was 39.2 %. From analyzed samples, high prevalence of positive samples for  E. coli  was found in water samples taken from wide opening containers (66.7 %). A number of bacteria were isolated and presumptively identified which include  Bacillus  sp. 6.3 % (n = 5),  Citrobacter  sp. 1.3 %(n = 1),  E. coli  39.2 % (n = 31),  Enterobacter  sp. 2.5 % (n = 2),  Klebisella  sp. 7.6 % (n = 6),  Micrococcus  sp. 6.3 % (n = 5),  Pseudomonas  sp. 6.3 % (n = 5),  Staphylococcus aureus  6.3 % (n = 5),  Staphylococcus epidermidis  13.9 % (n = 11) and  Streptococcus  sp. 1.3 % (n = 1). The bacteriological quality of water especially, water stored in household storage containers in present study area was found to be contaminated with different bacteria indicating potential food safety problem and health risk to the society. In this respect, people handling water should be educated on its proper handling and the risk of contamination during storage. To minimize contamination, materials with narrow mouth and lid should be used. Further study is recommended on the relationship between the bacteriological quality of water and the behavior of water users.

Microbial contamination of water intended for milk container washing in smallholder dairy farming and milk retailing houses in southern Ethiopia