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Artemisia scoparia ,  Artemisia sacrorum  and  Artemisia  giraldii  were three dominant  Artemisia  species which successive grew in the secondary succession on abandoned land of the Loess Plateau. The succession accompanied the soil moisture steady decrease with field age after their abandonment. To elucidate the relationship between the  Artemisia  species succession and their drought-adaptation, three dominant species and a contrastive species  Artemisia annua  (mesophyte), were selected to compare their drought-resistant characteristics, including morphological and anatomical traits of leaf and root. Then physiological responses were investigated in mature plants after drought treatment. The results indicated that three dominant species leaf presented drought-adaptive structures, such as bushy trichomes, transitional or isolateral leaf cells, thick cuticles and epidermal cells. However,  A. annua  had no leaf traits involved in drought-adaptation. In addition,  A. sacrorum  and  A. giraldii  contained large root systems, while  A. scoparia  and  A. annua  utilized succulent roots. The physiological responses to drought suggested that  A. giraldii  had strong regulation in water using strategy, growth, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.  A. sacrorum  and  A. giraldii  could maintain high ascorbate peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content, while  A. scoparia  and  A. giraldii  presented higher peroxidase activity, ascorbate and soluble sugar content.  A. annua  exhibited high proline and carotenoid contents under drought. The drought-resistant of the four  Artemisia  species presented the order of  A. giraldii  >  A. sacrorum  >  A. scoparia  >  A. annua , which was consistent with their succession on abandoned land.

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Artemisia dominant species succession relating to the soil moisture decrease in abandoned land of the Loess Plateau (China): comparative study of drought-adaptive characteristics