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Pulque  is a Mexican traditional alcoholic, non-distilled, fermented beverage produced by the fermentation of the sap, known as  aguamiel , extracted from several maguey ( Agave ) species.  Pulque  has traditionally been considered a healthy beverage due to its nutrient content and also a traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal infections. During  pulque  fermentation, the development of acidity, alcohol and viscosity define its final sensorial properties, developing an enriched environment where dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including diverse  Leuconostoc  species, are present. Because traditional  pulqu e is consumed directly from the fermentation vessel, the naturally associated LAB are ingested and reach the human small intestine alive. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo probiotic assessment of  Leuconostoc mesenteroides  strain P45 isolated from  pulque . This isolated LAB species exhibited lysozyme, acid (pH 3.5) and bile salts (0.1 and 0.3 % oxgall) resistance. Antibacterial activity against the pathogens  Listeria monocytogenes , enteropathogenic  Escherichia coli ,  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhi and  S. enterica  serovar Typhimurium were observed in assays involving cell-to-cell contact, cell-free 2× concentrated supernatants and cell-to-cell contact under exopolysaccharide-producing conditions. The in vivo probiotic assessment showed an anti-infective activity of  L. mesenteroides  P45 against  S. enterica  serovar Typhimurium in challenged male and female BALB/c mice. Analysis of the available genome sequence of strain P45 allowed identified a pre-bacteriocin coding gene and six peptidoglycan hydrolase enzymes, probably involved in the antimicrobial activity of this strain. The results presented in this study support some potential microbial mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects on human health of this LAB involved in the fermentation of  pulque .   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2370-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In vitro and in vivo probiotic assessment of Leuconostoc mesenteroides P45 isolated from pulque, a Mexican traditional alcoholic beverage