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Bos frontalis , which consumes  bamboo and weeds, may have evolved unique gastrointestinal microorganisms that digest cellulase. A  Paenibacillus  sp. YD236 strain was isolated from  B. frontalis  feces, from which a GH8 endoglucanase gene,  pglue8  (1107 bp, 54.5 % GC content), encoding a 368-residue polypeptide (PgluE8, 40.4 kDa) was cloned. PgluE8 efficiently hydrolyzed barley-β- d -glucan followed by CMC-Na, soluble starch, laminarin, and glucan from black yeast optimally at pH 5.5 and 50 °C, and retained 78.6, 41.6, and 34.5 % maximum activity when assayed at 20, 10, and 0 °C, respectively. Enzyme activity remained above 176.6 % after treatment with 10.0 mM β-mercaptoethanol, and was 83.0, 78, and 56 % after pre-incubation in 30 % (w/v) NaCl, 16.67 mg/mL trypsin, and 160.0 mg/mL protease K, respectively. Cys23 and Cys364 residues were critical for PgluE8 activity.  pglue8 , identified from  B. frontalis  feces for the first time in this study, is a potential alternative for applications including food processing, washing, and animal feed preparation.

NaCl-, protease-tolerant and cold-active endoglucanase from Paenibacillus sp. YD236 isolated from the feces of Bos frontalis