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Bacteria play a vital role in various biogeochemical processes in lacustrine sediment ecosystems. This study is among the first to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of bacterial community composition in the sediments of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake of China. Sediment samples were collected from the main basins and mouths of major rivers that discharge into the Poyang Lake in May 2011. Quantitative PCR assay and pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that the bacteria community abundance and compositions of Poyang Lake sediment varied largely among sampling sites. A total of 25 phyla and 68 bacterial orders were distinguished.  Burkholderiales ,  Gallionellales  ( Beta - proteobacteria ),  Myxococcales ,  Desulfuromonadales  ( Delta - proteobacteria ),  Sphingobacteriales  ( Bacteroidetes ) , Nitrospirales  ( Nitrospirae ),  Xanthomonadales  ( Gamma - proteobacteria ) were identified as the major taxa and collectively accounted for over half of annotated sequences. Moreover, correlation analyses suggested that higher loads of total phosphorus and heavy metals (copper, zinc and cadmium) could enhance bacterial abundance in the sediment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2026-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Identification of bacterial communities in sediments of Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China