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The aim of the present study was  to investigate the promoter methylation status of  TRIM9  in breast cancer and to determine the presence of  TRIM9 -methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma. Bisulfite sequencing with a next generation sequencer showed  TRIM9  promoter methylation in 92 % (11/12) of breast cancer cell lines (BCCs) and 68 % (13/19) of breast tumor tissues but not in any normal breast tissues (0/19). Methylation ratio of  TRIM9  was significantly lower in basal type (9 %, n = 23) than luminal A (69 %, n = 29,  P  = 0.0003). Quantitative RT-PCR of BCCs disclosed an inverse correlation between  TRIM9  mRNA expression and methylation ratio.  TRIM9  methylated ctDNA in plasma was detected in 18 % (10/56) of metastatic breast cancer patients but not in any of 60 healthy controls. These results indicate that  TRIM9  promoter hypermethylation, which suppresses  TRIM9  mRNA expression, occurs in a significant proportion of breast tumors, and that  TRIM9 -methylated ctDNA thus may serve as a tumor marker for breast cancer.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1423-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Promoter methylation of TRIM9 as a marker for detection of circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer patients