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Clostridium difficile  is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It is a significant financial burden on modern healthcare resources. This study aimed to assess the molecular characterization of  C. difficile  strains isolated from children under 5 years old suffered from nosocomial diarrhea. One hundred diarrheic and 130 non-diarrheic fecal samples were collected from pediatrics less than 5 years old. Samples were cultured and  C. difficile  isolates were subjected to the PCR technique to study the distribution of ribotypes of  C. difficile  using P3 and P5 primers. Fifty-two out of 100 samples (52 %) were positive for  C. difficile . The prevalence of bacterium in healthy children was 4.61 %. Total prevalence of  C. difficile  in diarrheic girls and boys were 48.9 and 54.7 %, respectively. Thirteen to twenty-four month age children had the highest prevalence of  C. difficile . The most commonly detected ribotypes in the  C. difficile  isolates of Iranian pediatrics were RT027 (11.52 %), R1 (9.61 %) and R13 (7.68 %). The ribotypes of all of the six bacterial isolates of healthy children was not diagnosed. According to the presence of  C. difficile  and R27 ribotype, a continued genotype surveillance of this bacterium is necessary to monitor changes in the prevalence of certain strains and to identify the emergence of new strains that could affect future vaccine strategies.

Molecular characterization of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric ward in Iran