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Escherichia coli  has been used as a host to construct the cell factory for biobased production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks. Because galactose is found in marine biomass as a major component, the strategy for galactose utilization in  E. coli  has been gained more attention. Although galactose and glucose co-fermentation has been reported using the engineered  E. coli  strain, few reports have covered fermentation supplemented with galactose as a sole carbon source in the mutant lacking the repressor-specific carbon catabolite repression (CCR). Here, we report the effects of the deregulation of the repressor-specific CCR ( galR   −   and  galS   −  ) in fermentation supplemented with galactose as a sole carbon source, using the engineered  E. coli  strains. In the fermentation using the  galR   −   and  galS   −   double mutant (GR2 strain), an increase of rates in sugar consumption and cell growth was observed compared to the parent strain. In the glucose fermentation, wild-type W3110 and its mutant GR2 and GR2PZ ( galR   −  ,  galS   −  ,  pfkA   −  , and  zwf   −  ) consumed sugar at a higher rate than those values obtained from galactose fermentation. However, the GR2P strain ( galR   −  ,  galS   −  , and  pfkA   −  ) showed no difference between fermentations using glucose and galactose as a sole carbon source. This study provides essential information for galactose fermentation using the CCR-deregulated  E. coli  strains.

Effect of deregulation of repressor-specific carbon catabolite repression on carbon source consumption in Escherichia coli