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Background  The plasmid-encoded multidrug efflux pump  oqxAB  confers bacterial resistance primarily to olaquindox, quinolones, and chloramphenicol. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of  oqxAB  among  Escherichia coli  isolates from dogs, cats, and humans in Henan, China and the susceptibilities of  E. coli  isolates to common antibiotics.    Methods  From 2012 to 2014, a total of 600 samples which included 400 rectal samples and 200 clinical human specimens were tested for the presence of  E. coli . All isolates were screened for  oqxAB  genes by PCR and sequencing. The MICs of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method. A total of 30 representative  oqxAB -positive isolates were subjected to ERIC-PCR and MLST. Additionally, conjugation experiments and southern hybridizations were performed.    Results  Of 270 isolates, 58.5% (62/106) of the isolates from dogs, 56.25% (36/64) of the isolates from cats, and 42.0% (42/100) of the isolates from humans were positive for the  oqxAB . Olaquindox resistance was found for 85.7%-100% of  oqxAB -positive isolates. Of  oqxAB -positive isolates from dogs, cats, and humans, ciprofloxacin resistance was inspected for 85.8%, 59.1%, and 93.8%, respectively. Several  oqxAB -positive isolates were demonstrated by ERIC-PCR and MLST, and have high similarity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that  oqxAB -positive isolates could be divided into 7 major clusters.  OqxAB -positive conjugants were obtained, southern hybridization verified that the  oqxAB  gene complex was primarily located on plasmids.    Conclusion  In conclusion,  oqxAB -positive isolates were widespread in animals and humans in Henan, China. Carriage of  oqxAB  on plasmids of  E. coli  isolates may facilitate the emergence of multidrug resistant and its transmission via horizontal transfer, and might pose a potential threat to public health.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-018-0310-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of oqxAB in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from companion animals and humans in Henan Province, China