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Background  To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and related presence of mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) among  Shigella flexneri  isolates obtained from Jiangsu Province, China.    Methods  A total of 400  Shigella flexneri  clinical isolates collected during 2012–2015 were identified by biochemical and serological methods, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was evaluated using the disc-diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were accomplished to identify mutations in  gyrA ,  gyrB ,  parC  and  parE , and the presence of  qnrA ,  qnrB ,  qnrC ,  qnrD ,  qnrS ,  qepA  and  aac(6′)-Ib-cr  genes were also detected.    Results  Of all the  Shigella flexneri , 75.8% were resistant to nalidixic acid, and 37.0% were categorized as norfloxacin resistant. Overall, 75.5% of isolates possessed  gyrA  mutations (Ser83Leu, Asp87Gly/Asn and His211Tyr), while 84.3% had  parC  mutations (Ser80Ile, Ala81Pho, Gln91His and Ser129Pro). The most prevalent point mutations in  gyrA  and  parC  were Ser83Leu (75.5%, 302/400) and Ser80Ile (74.5%, 298/400), relatively. Besides, the Gln517Arg alternation in  gyrB  was detected in 13  S. flexneri  isolates and no mutations were identified in  parE . PMQR determinations of  qnrB ,  qnrS  and  aac(6′)-Ib-cr  were detected among 16 strains (4.0%).    Conclusions  The results presented here show that fluoroquinolone resistance in these clinical isolates result from mutations in chromosome, besides, despite the low prevalence of PMQR determinants in Jiangsu, it is essential to continue surveillance PMQR determinants in this area.

Newest data on fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism of Shigella flexneri isolates in Jiangsu Province of China