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Background    Fusarium  species are widely spread in nature as plant pathogens but are also able to cause opportunistic fungal infections in humans. We report a cluster of  Fusarium oxysporum  bloodstream infections in a single pediatric cancer center.    Methods  All clinical and epidemiological data related to an outbreak involving seven cases of fungemia by  Fusarium oxysporum  during October 2013 and February 2014 were analysed. All cultured isolates ( n  = 14) were identified to species level by sequencing of the  TEF1  and  RPB2  genes. Genotyping of the outbreak isolates was performed by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting.    Results  In a 5-month period 7 febrile pediatric cancer patients were diagnosed with catheter-related  Fusarium oxysporum  bloodstream infections. In a time span of 11 years, only 6 other infections due to  Fusarium  were documented and all were caused by a different species,  Fusarium solani . None of the pediatric cancer patients had neutropenia at the time of diagnosis and all became febrile within two days after catheter manipulation in a specially designed room. Extensive environmental sampling in this room and the hospital did not gave a clue to the source. The outbreak was terminated after implementation of a multidisciplinary central line insertion care bundle. All  Fusarium  strains from blood and catheter tips were genetically related by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. All patients survived the infection after prompt catheter removal and antifungal therapy.    Conclusion  A cluster with, genotypical identical,  Fusarium oxysporum  strains infecting 7 children with cancer, was most probably catheter-related. The environmental source was not discovered but strict infection control measures and catheter care terminated the outbreak.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-017-0247-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Outbreak of Fusarium oxysporum infections in children with cancer: an experience with 7 episodes of catheter-related fungemia