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Background  Serotype K1  Klebsiella pneumoniae  has emerged as an important community pathogen causing various infections, including liver abscesses. Although serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  community isolates have been reported as susceptible to most classes of antimicrobial agents, a few cases of infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  have recently been reported in Asian countries. We identified three ESBL-producing strains of serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  and conducted a molecular characterization of their drug resistance.    Methods  Three ESBL-producing serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  ST23 strains were identified from strains in the Asian Bacterial Bank. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method, and ESBL production was tested by the double-disk synergy test and a confirmatory test. PCR was performed to detect the genes for plasmid-mediated ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases.    Results  All three strains were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin/tazobactam, and all were determined to be ESBL-producers. No known ESBL genes, including  bla   SHV ,  bla   TEM ,  bla   CTX-M ,  bla   GES ,  bla   PER , and  bla   VEB , were detected among the three strains. Of all plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase (PAB) genes, including  bla   DHA-1 ,  bla   CMY ,  bla   FOX , and  bla   MOX , the  bla   DHA-1  gene was detected in two of the strains. The PFGE patterns revealed that the two isolates carrying  bla   DHA-1  were closely related (84% similarity).    Conclusions  No ESBL genes were detected among three ESBL-producing serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  ST23 strains. Two strains contained the PAB gene  bla   DHA-1 . The emergence of resistant strains of community-origin serotype K1  K. pneumoniae  has important implications for effective treatment and infection control practices.

antimicrobial resistance and infection control

Emergence of serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 strains co-producing the plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase DHA-1 and an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Korea