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Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) utilizes linear precoding to separateusers in the spatial domain and relies on fully treating any residualmulti-user interference as noise. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) useslinearly precoded superposition coding with successive interferencecancellation (SIC) and relies on user grouping and ordering to enforce someusers to fully decode and cancel interference created by other users. In thispaper, we argue that to efficiently cope with the high throughput,heterogeneity of Quality-of-Service (QoS), and massive connectivityrequirements of future multi-antenna wireless networks, multiple access designneeds to depart from SDMA and NOMA. We develop a novel multiple accessframework, called Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA). RSMA is a more generaland powerful multiple access for downlink multi-antenna systems that containsSDMA and NOMA as special cases. RSMA relies on linearly precoded rate-splittingwith SIC to decode part of the interference and treat the remaining part of theinterference as noise. This capability of RSMA to partially decode interferenceand partially treat interference as noise enables to softly bridge the twoextremes of fully decoding interference and treating interference as noise, andprovide room for rate and QoS enhancements, and complexity reduction. The threemultiple access schemes are compared and extensive numerical results show thatRSMA provides a smooth transition between SDMA and NOMA and outperforms themboth in a wide range of network loads (underloaded and overloaded regimes) anduser deployments (with a diversity of channel directions, channel strengths andqualities of Channel State Information at the Transmitter). Moreover, RSMAprovides rate and QoS enhancements over NOMA at a lower computationalcomplexity for the transmit scheduler and the receivers (number of SIC layers).

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Downlink Communication Systems: Bridging, Generalizing and Outperforming SDMA and NOMA