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In wireless sensor networks, ranging or positioning via ultra-wideband (UWB) has caused widespread research interests where the non-coherent energy detection (ED) method with low sampling rate and low complexity is widely studied. However, the traditional energy detection methods only analyze the signal energy in the time domain, so their error is relatively large. In this paper, the simulation results show that most of the signal energy concentrates in the low-frequency band, so a novel threshold selection method for time of arrival (TOA) estimation is proposed that analyzes the signals in both time domain and frequency domain. In this method, the received signal is decomposed by “db6” wavelet and the kurtosis of energy blocks of the low-frequency wavelet coefficients (K c) is analyzed. At last, the mapping relationship between K c and the normalized threshold for TOA estimation is created using polynomial fitting with degree 3. The simulation results show that the TOA estimation error of the proposed method is significantly less than the method without wavelet decomposition.

Threshold selection method for UWB TOA estimation based on wavelet decomposition and kurtosis analysis