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Background  Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, being the primary cause of death from infection, especially if not recognized and treated promptly. The aim of this study was to analyze whether  IL - 6  rs1800795 polymorphism is associated with septic shock-related death in European white patients who underwent major surgery.    Methods  We performed a retrospective study on 202 septic shock patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery. The septic shock was established according to the international septic shock definition. The primary outcome variable was the death within 90 days after diagnosis of septic shock. The  IL - 6  rs1800795 polymorphism was genotyped by Sequenom’s MassARRAY platform.    Results  The median age of the patients was 73 years, 63.4% were male, and more than 40% of patients had heart disease and hypertension. Overall, the survival analysis showed that 111 (55%) patients died with a survival median of 39 days (95% CI 30.7; 47.2). The genetic analysis association with survival was performed under a recessive genetic model (CC vs. GG/CG). Patients with  IL - 6  rs1800795 CC genotype had higher mortality rate than the  IL - 6  rs1800795 GG/CG genotype at days 7 [31.6% (6/19) vs. 10.4% (19/183); log-rank test ( p  = 0.005)] and 28 [57.9% (11/19) vs. 33.3% (61/183); log-rank test ( p  = 0.009)], and 90 [68.4% (13/19) vs. 53.5% (98/183); log-rank test ( p  = 0.006)]. The  IL - 6  rs1800795 CC genotype was associated with higher risk of septic shock-related death during the first 7 days [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR 4.65;  p  = 0.002), 28 days (aHR 2.50;  p  = 0.006), and 90 days (aHR 2.28;  p  = 0.006)] with septic shock. When patients were stratified by type of surgery, those with  IL - 6  rs1800795 CC genotype who underwent cardiac surgery had higher risk of death during the first 7 days (aHR 18.39;  p  = 0.001) and 28 days (aHR 6.1;  p  = 0.025) than  IL - 6  rs1800795 GG/GC carrier, whereas patients with  IL - 6  rs1800795 CC genotype who underwent abdominal surgery had higher risk of death during all follow-up (aHR 1.98;  p  = 0.050) than  IL - 6  rs1800795 GG/GC carrier.    Conclusions  The presence of  IL - 6  rs1800795 CC genotype was associated with higher risk of septic shock-related death in patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery. These findings need robust validation in bigger independent cohorts.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0247-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism is associated with septic shock-related death in patients who underwent major surgery: a preliminary retrospective study