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Despite the threat of  Fusarium  dieback posed due to ambrosia fungi cultured by ambrosia beetles such as  Euwallacea  spp., the wood-degradation mechanisms utilized by ambrosia fungi are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the  16S rRNA  and  18S rRNA  genes of the microbial community from the  Ficus  tree tunnel excavated by  Euwallacea interjectus  and isolated the cellulose-degrading fungus,  Fusarium  spp. strain EI, by enrichment culture with carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source. The cellulolytic enzyme secreted by the fungus was identified and expressed in  Pichia pastoris , and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The cellulolytic enzyme, termed FsXEG12A, could hydrolyze carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xyloglucan, lichenan, and glucomannan, indicating that the broad substrate specificity of FsXEG12A could be beneficial for degrading complex wood components such as cellulose, xyloglucan, and galactoglucomannan in angiosperms. Inhibition of FsXEG12A function is, thus, an effective target for  Fusarium  dieback caused by  Euwallacea  spp.

Characterization of FsXEG12A from the cellulose-degrading ectosymbiotic fungus Fusarium spp. strain EI cultured by the ambrosia beetle