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Co-culture of  Bacillus coagulans  and  Candida utilis  was firstly investigated in the efficient treatment of  Lactobacillus  fermentation wastewater (LFW) containing total organic carbon (TOC) of 22.0 g/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 2.4 g/L. The utilization of lactic acid by  C. utilis  was responsible for the relief of feedback inhibition to promote the growth of  B. coagulans.  The removal ratio of TOC by  B. coagulans  and  C. utilis  was only 9.1% and 22.7%, respectively, which was improved to 49.0% by co-culture. The removal ratio of TN by  B. coagulans  and  C. utilis  was merely 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively, which was also promoted to 44.6% by co-culture. Both the high growth of  B. coagulans  and the efficient removal of TOC and TN from LFW was achieved with the co-culture, which is not previously reported and very important in the production of probiotics with the resource utilization of LFW.

Co-culture of Bacillus coagulans and Candida utilis efficiently treats Lactobacillus fermentation wastewater