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To investigate the differences in activated sludge microbial communities of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and understand their metabolic potentials, we sampled sludge from every biological treatment unit of 5 full-scale waste water treatment systems in 3 typical Chinese municipal WWTPs. The microbial communities and overall metabolic patterns were not only affected by influent characteristics but also varied between different biological treatment units. Distinct genera in different wastewater treatment systems were identified. The important microorganisms in domestic sewage treatment systems were unclassified  SHA - 20 ,  Caldilinea ,  Dechloromonas , and unclassified genera from  Rhodospirilaceae  and  Caldilineaceae . The important microorganisms in dyeing wastewater treatment systems were  Nitrospira ,  Sphingobacteriales ,  Thiobacillus ,  Sinobacteraceae  and  Comamonadaceae . Compared with the obvious differences in microbial community composition, the metabolic potential showed no significant differences.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-018-0714-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Activated sludge bacterial communities of typical wastewater treatment plants: distinct genera identification and metabolic potential differential analysis